Don't
Eat Poke Salad
Pokeweed is probably the best known and most
widely used wild vegetable in America and Europe. However, a food
scientist with the Alabama Cooperative Extension System says no part
of this plant should be eaten by a person or animal.
"The roots,
berries, seeds and mature stems and leaves of pokeweed are
poisonous," says Extension Food Scientist Jean Weese. There are
at least three different types of poison in this plant --
phytolaccatoxin, triterpene saponins, an alkaloid, phytolaccin, and
histamines.
Pokeweed, a herbaceous
perennial native to America, grows from Maine to Florida and
Minnesota to Texas. Indians introduced the first colonists to
pokeweed, and they took it back to Europe where it became a popular
vegetable. It grows along roads and fencerows, in fields and in open
woods.
Early American settlers
also made a crimson dye from the berry juice. Indians often used the
pokeweed concoctions for a variety of internal and external
medicinal applications.
The berries, which ripen
in fall, are also popular with migrating songbirds, especially
robins, towhees, mockingbirds, mourning doves, catbirds and
bluebirds. Sometimes the birds get drunk on overly ripe berries and
fly into closed windows or sides of buildings.
For years, people have
picked the young shoots and developing leaves (before they take on
their reddish hue) off this plant and cooked them. The plant is
still used by many people today, and the tender young shoots often
appear in rural vegetable markets in the South.
Most people boil the
shoots and leaves for 20-30 minutes, first in salt water and again
in clean water, then eat the plant much like spinach.
"The boiling
process removes some of the toxins but certainly not all of
them," says Weese. I suggest that people avoid this plant no
matter how many times your mother or grandmother may have prepared
it in the past and no matter how good it tasted. Why would you want
to eat something that we know is toxic when there are so many other
non-toxic plants out there we can eat?"
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